The key to IQ mixers and their possible applications and underpinnings
as a phase modulator and phase detector is the quadrature phase shift,
for the IF and LO side for a single sideband mixer or an image reject,
and at the LO side for an IQ mixer. When talking about the quadrature
phase shift, it’s important to keep in mind that a time shift is not the
same as a phase shift. In the area of RF, optics and microwaves, this
is probably one of the most difficult concepts to grasp. Creating more
useful and flexible quadrature phase shifts can help reach the goal of
an ideal single sideband mixer/image reject/broadband IQ, and can be
achieved by the use of different techniques.
The following techniques are ranked from worst to best, with quality
being defined as amplitude and phase balance besting bandwidth. The
correct technique for your application depends on whether you are trying
to make a radar scanner, designing a communications chip for a cell
phone, or building a demonstration system in your lab.
3: Lange Coupler
Pros: Compatible with MMIC, quasi-planar, wideband
Cons: Low power handling, requires air bridge or wire bonds, more complicated to design
The most commonly used device employed in balanced technologies such as
MMIC balanced amplifiers is the Lange coupler is the most common device
used in MMIC balanced amplifiers and other balanced technologies.
Generally, unless gaps between the two edge-coupled micro-strip lines
are small, planar couplers are very weakly coupled. However, if you are
working with quasi-two dimensional structures, the Lange coupler is a
great choice overall.
2: Digital Phase Splitter
Pro: Excellent amplitude and phase balance, ultra-broadband
Con: Low power, requires 2x LO frequency, no analog mode
It is hard to top a digital phase splitter in your quest for a perfect
quadrature phase shift. While this is not a very good quadrature
splitter device in general, it works well to create an LO drive for an
IQ mixer, which is used frequently for LO clock generation with low
frequency silicon RFICs.
1: 3 dB Quadrature Hybrid Coupler
Pros: High power handling, phase and amplitude balance, multi-octave bandwidth, suitable for data
Cons: Difficult to design and fabricate, difficult to integrate, large
A hybrid combiner like Werlatone's Broadband 3 dB High Power 90 Degree
Hybrid Coupler is the gold standard for quadrature signal generation. It
ca be used on a single sideband mixer or on the data side of an image
rejects in order to achieve a better than 20sB rejection, it has
excellent balance in both phase and amplitude, and can operate across
broad bandwidths such as 2 to 26 GHz. An added benefit is that they can
handle 20 watts of CW power or more, due to their construction.
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Monday, June 6, 2016
Transformers Combiner Wars Menasor
This June School Holidays has been a fantastic one for my son, he is 10 years old and he's going to share with you on unboxing Transformers Combiner Wars Collection, with him is the Combiner Wars Menasor.
I am there to help him with this video and though he is first time doing it on toys, he loves it.
He needs my help as well as he has shorter nails so he needs my nails to help him on certain part of the figures.
It's indeed bonding time for mother and son too.
KIX HD’S R U Tough Enough Crowns Benny Yeoh as Malaysia’s Toughest
R U Tough Enough brand ambassadors Linora Low and Keith Foo |
Last Saturday, the Malaysia's Toughest to win RM30,000, has come to an end. KIX HD (Astro Ch. 729), the ultimate destination for action entertainment, finally crowned the victor of R U Tough Enough? Man Versus Woman Edition, the nationwide search for Malaysia’s Toughest. Ten contestants had to go through a series of physically demanding and emotionally enduring challenges, to determine who is the tougher gender. Benny Yeoh from #TeamKeith successfully defeated nine other contestants in the toughest gender battle of 2016, and walked away with the coveted title of “Malaysia’s Toughest” and a grand prize of RM30,000.
The response to R U Tough Enough? Man Versus Woman Edition this year has been overwhelming. It is exciting, I saw many people surrounded the orange concourse, Sunway Pyramid to see the actions.
Coupled with two brand new ambassadors, fitness enthusiast, Linora Low, and movie star, Keith Foo, R U Tough Enough? 2016 has doubled the applications from last year. Only five female contestants representing #TeamLinora and five male contestants representing #TeamKeith equipped with the physical, mental and emotional strength were selected to take on the final showdown.
At the final showdown on Saturday #TeamLinora and #TeamKeith had to compete among themselves in a 6-stage obstacle course at the Orange Concourse in Sunway Pyramid. The Toughest Woman from #TeamLinora and the Toughest Man from #TeamKeith then went head-to-head in the final round of challenges to determine who will be Malaysia’s Toughest.
The crowd cheered wildly as Benny Yeoh from #TeamKeith was declared “Malaysia’s Toughest”. Speaking after the final showdown, Benny said, “I believe that toughness isn’t defined by gender or physical strength, but it is about how strong you can hold on and persevere till you get to the finish line. Trust me, it was not easy, especially with such powerful and strong contenders from #TeamLinora present on today
to provide the challenge of a lifetime.”
.
Some excitement on the day that we can hear the crowd cheering, kids please don't try this at home.
Dayang from #TeamLinora |
Lily from Team Linora |
Nash from Team Keith |
Perima from Team Linora scales the cage at the speed of light |
Suphasan from Team Keith carries half his weight effortlessly |
Linora leads Team Linora through spirit lifting cheers |
“R U Tough Enough? this year is more than just proving which gender is tougher. In fact I am honoured to stand alongside the competing contestants today who showed me the meaning of toughness by displaying a fantastic combined feat of physical strength, mental endurance and emotional resilience,” said Keith Foo, R U Tough Enough? ambassador.
“KIX HD provides non-stop action entertainment to our viewers every day but today, we see these stories and characters come to life at the R U Tough Enough? final showdown. The ten finalists have shown that regardless of your background, gender and age, one can overcome any life’s challenges with grit and willpower. Through R U Tough Enough?, we are privileged to be able to share these inspiring stories of everyday heroes with our viewers.” said Shirley Cheong, Director of Marketing at Celestial Tiger Entertainment, Hong Kong.
It's great experience to see how the participants take part in these toughest challenge and you know it nothing is impossible unless you work for it.
Present at the final showdown was also ambassadors, Keith Foo and Linora Low, who handed the cash prize of RM30,000 to Benny Yeoh. |
R U Tough Enough? is brought to you by Watsons, co-sponsored by Fisherman’s Friend, the official healthcare provider KPJ Healthcare Berhad and official fitness partner Celebrity Fitness with the official partner Astro and venue partner Sunway Pyramid.
#TeamKeith Wins Over #TeamLinora At The Toughest Gender Battle Of 2016
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